1. Gypsum model: it is economical and convenient to use and process. It is used in ceramics, plastics, model making, etc. Gypsum texture is fine, easy to repair surface decoration processing after molding, and easy to preserve for a long time.

2、金属模型：以钢铁材料应用居多，如钢铁、管材、板材，有时少量的也用一些铝合金等其他金属。 金属材料的制作，主要考虑力学性能和成本等方面的因素。力学性能主要从金属材料的强度、弹性、硬度、刚度以及抗冲击拉伸的能力等方面来考虑。加工工艺主要有切削、焊接、铸造、锻造等。

2. Metal model: steel materials are mostly used, such as steel, pipe and plate. Sometimes a small amount of aluminum alloy and other metals are also used. The fabrication of metal materials mainly considers the factors such as mechanical properties and cost. Mechanical properties are mainly considered from the strength, elasticity, hardness, stiffness and impact tensile resistance of metal materials. The processing technology mainly includes cutting, welding, casting, forging, etc.

3、黏土模型：黏土材料来源广泛取材方便价格低廉经过“洗泥”工序和“炼熟 过程 其质地更加细腻。具有一定的粘合性 可塑性极强 在塑造过程中可以反复修改 任意调整 修 刮 填，补比较方便。还可以重复使用是一种比较理想的造型材料,但是如果上海沙盘模型黏土中的水分失去过多则容易使黏土模型出现收缩龟裂甚至产生断裂现象，不利于长期保存 。

3. Clay model: clay materials come from a wide range of sources, which are convenient to obtain and cheap. After the "mud washing" process and "refining and ripening process", its texture is more delicate. It has certain adhesion and strong plasticity. It can be modified repeatedly in the molding process, adjusted, scraped and filled at will, which is more convenient. It can also be reused. It is an ideal modeling material. However, if too much water is lost in the clay of Shanghai sand table model, the clay model is easy to shrink, crack or even fracture, which is not conducive to long-term preservation.

4、木制模型：使用的木材一般都是经过二次加工后的原木材和人造板材。常有胶合板、刨花板、细木工板、中密度纤维板等。

4. Wooden model: the wood used is generally the raw wood and man-made board after secondary processing. There are often plywood, particleboard, blockboard, medium density fiberboard, etc.

5、油泥模型：是一种人造材料。凝固后极软，较软，坚硬。油泥可塑性强，黏性、韧性比黄泥(黏土模型) 强。它在塑造时使用方便，成型过程中可随意雕塑、修整，成型后不易干裂，可反复使用。油泥价格较高，易于携带，制作一些小巧、异型和曲面较多的造型更为合适。

5. Sludge model: it is an artificial material. It is very soft, soft and hard after solidification. The plasticity of oil mud is strong, and its viscosity and toughness are stronger than that of yellow mud (clay model). The utility model is convenient to use in molding, can be sculpted and trimmed at will in the molding process, is not easy to dry and crack after molding, and can be used repeatedly. The price of oil sludge is high and easy to carry. It is more suitable to make some small, special-shaped and curved shapes.

6、综合模型：制作所选用的材料，有时不单单是一种材料，也可能是两种或多种。上海沙盘模型经过综合加工制作而成的，但还是以一种材料为主料，其他只是局部的使用，这样制作的产品，整体感较好，后期的装饰处理也方便。

6. Comprehensive model: the materials selected for production are sometimes not only one material, but also two or more. The Shanghai sand table model is made through comprehensive processing, but it still takes one material as the main material, and the others are only used locally. The products made in this way have a good overall feeling and convenient decoration in the later stage.

7、塑料模型：塑料是一种常用制作材料。品种很多，主要品种有五十多种，多用热塑性塑料，主要有聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯、ABS工程 塑料、有机玻璃板材、泡沫塑料板材等。聚氯乙烯耐热性低，可用压塑成型、吹塑成型、压铸成型等多种成型方法。ABS工程塑料的熔点低，用电烤箱、电炉等加 热、很容易使其软化，可热压、连接多种复杂的形体。

7. Plastic model: plastic is a commonly used material. There are many varieties. There are more than 50 main varieties. Thermoplastics are mainly used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene, ABS engineering plastics, plexiglass plates, foamed plastic plates, etc. PVC has low heat resistance and can be formed by pressure molding, blow molding, die casting and other molding methods. ABS engineering plastics have a low melting point and can be easily softened by heating in electric ovens and electric furnaces. It can be hot pressed and connected to a variety of complex shapes.

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